), and/or the carboxyl groups may lose protons, depending on the acidity of the medium. When glutamic acid is dissolved in water, the amino group (− NH The radical corresponding to glutamate is called glutamyl. In highly alkaline solutions the doubly negative anion −OOC−CH( NHĢ) 2−COO − prevails. In Europe it is classified as food additive E620. This anion creates the savory umami flavor of foods and is found in glutamate flavorings such as MSG. The glutamate neurotransmitter plays the principal role in neural activation. This form of the compound is prevalent in neutral solutions. The acid can lose one proton from its second carboxyl group to form the conjugate base, the singly-negative anion glutamate −OOC−CH( NH +Ģ) 2−COO −. However, in the solid state and mildly acidic water solutions, the molecule assumes an electrically neutral zwitterion structure −OOC−CH( NH +Ģ) 2−COOH. Its molecular structure could be idealized as HOOC−CH( NHĢ) 2−COOH, with two carboxyl groups −COOH and one amino group − NHĢ. Glutamic acid exists in three optically isomeric forms the dextrorotatory L-form is usually obtained by hydrolysis of gluten or from the waste waters of beet-sugar manufacture or by fermentation. It serves as the precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GABA-ergic neurons.Ĥ. It is also the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use. Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E the ionic form is known as glutamate) is an α- amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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